Dampak konsentrasi subletal dan frekuensi aplikasi insektisida fipronil terhadap populasi wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) pada padi varietas IR64 dan Ciherang
The effect of sublethal concentrations and application frequency of fipronil insecticide on the population of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) on rice varieties IR64 and Ciherang
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Fipronil merupakan insektisida yang banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian hama wereng batang cokelat (WBC) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) di Indonesia. Penggunaan fipronil di tingkat petani seringkali tidak sesuai anjuran sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran terjadinya resurjensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi subletal dan frekuensi aplikasi insektisida fipronil terhadap peningkatan populasi WBC pada dua varietas padi, yaitu IR64 dan Ciherang. Sampel WBC yang digunakan berasal dari Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian terdiri atas uji toksisitas untuk menentukan konsentrasi subletal fipronil, yaitu pada tingkat LC15, LC25, dan LC40, air sebagai kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diaplikasikan sebanyak 1, 2, dan 3 kali dengan selang waktu 5 hari antar aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan konsentrasi subletal (LC15, LC25, dan LC40) memicu fenomena hormoligosis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan signifikan pada persentase penetasan telur di semua tingkat konsentrasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Persentase penetasan telur tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan LC15 dengan varietas Ciherang, yakni 82,55%. Meskipun peningkatan konsentrasi dan frekuensi aplikasi (1–3 kali) secara linear meningkatkan mortalitas nimfa hingga 94,44% pada perlakuan LC40, namun pada dosis rendah LC15, peningkatan frekuensi aplikasi justru menstimulasi lonjakan populasi nimfa F1. Populasi nimfa tertinggi terdapat pada varietas Ciherang dengan perlakuan LC15 dua kali aplikasi, yakni 1197,33 individu. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi bahwa aplikasi fipronil pada tingkat subletal, terutama pada varietas rentan, tidak hanya gagal mengendalikan WBC tetapi justru memicu resurjensi melalui peningkatan keberhasilan penetasan telur dan stimulasi reproduksi generasi berikutnya.
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